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　第八篇：The Mir Space Station

　　1　The Russian Mir Space Station, which came down in 2001 at last after 15 years of pioneering the concept of long-term human space flight, is remembered for its accomplishments in the human space flight history. It can be credited with many firsts in space.

　　2　During Mir’s lifetime, Russia spent about US $4.2 billion to build and maintain the station.

　　3　The Soviet Union launched Mir, which was designed to last from three to five years, on February 20, 1986, and housed 104 astronauts over 12 years and seven months, most of whom were not Russian. In fact, it became the first international space station by playing host to1 62 people from 11 countries. From 1995 through 1998, seven astronauts from the United States took turns living on Mir for up to six months each2. They were among the 37 Americans who visited the station during nine stopovers by space shuttles.

　　4　The more than 400 million the United States provided Russian for the visits not only kept Mir operating, but also gave the Americans and their partners in the international station project valuable experience in long-term flight and multinational operations.

　　5　A debate continues over Mir’s contributions to science. During its existence, Mir was the laboratory for 23,000 experiments and carried scientific equipment, estimated to be worth $80 million, from many nations.3 Experiments on Mir are credited with a range of findings, from the first solid measurement of the ration of heavy helium atoms in space to how to grow wheat in space. But for those favouring human space exploration, Mir showed that people could live and work in space long enough for a trip to Mars. The longest single stay in space is the 437.7 days that Russian astronaut Valery Polyakov spent on Mir from 1994 to 1995. And Sergie Avdeyev accumulated 747.6 days in space in three trips to the space station. The longest American stay was that of Shannon Lucid4, who spent 188 days aboard Mir in 1996.

　　6　Despite the many firsts Mir accomplished, 1997 was a bad year out of 15 for Mir. In 1997, an oxygen generator caught fire. Later, the main computer system broke down, causing the station to drift several times and there were power failures.

　　7　Most of these problems were repaired, with American help and suppliers, but Mir’s reputation as a space station was ruined.

　　8　Mir’s setbacks are nothing, though5, when we compare them with its accomplishments. Mir was a tremendous success, which will be remembered as a milestone in space exploration and the space station that showed long-term human habitation in space was possible. But it’s time to move on to the next generation. The International Space Station being built will be better, but it owes a great debt to Mir.

　　詞匯：

　　pioneer / ,paɪə’nɪə(r)/ v.開拓

　　accomplishment / ə’kʌmplɪʃmənt, -’kɒm-/ n.成就

　　credit / ’kredɪt / v.歸功于

　　host / həʊst / n.主人

　　stopover / ’stɒpəʊvə(r) / n.中途短暫停留

　　multinational / ,mʌltɪ’næʃənl/ adj.多國的

　　ration / ’ræʃən / n.含量

　　helium / ’hi:ljəm/ n.氦

　　aboard /ə’bɔ:d/ prep.在(船、飛機(jī)、車)上

　　setback / ’setbæk/ n.挫折

　　milestone / ’maɪlstəʊn/ n.里程碑

　　habitation / ,hæbɪ’teɪʃən / n.居住

　　debt / det / n.債

　　注釋：

　　1.play host to：當(dāng)東道主

　　2.... seven astronauts from the United States took turns living on Mir for up to six months each.來自美國的七位宇航員輪流在和平號上住了六個月之久。

　　take turns：輪流

　　living on Mir for up to six months each是現(xiàn)在分詞短語，用作狀語。

　　3.During its existence, Mir was the laboratory for 23,000 experiments and carried scientific equipment, estimated to be worth $80 million, from many nations：在和平號存在的時間里，它是進(jìn)行23 000個實(shí)驗的實(shí)驗室，并攜帶了許多國家提供的價值估計為8 000萬美元的科學(xué)儀器。

　　estimated to be worth $80 million是過去分詞短語，用作定語。

　　4.The longest American stay was that of Shannon Lucid ...：美國人停留時間最長的一次是Shannon Lucid的那一次……

　　that替代前半句的stay。

　　5.Mir’s setbacks are nothing, though ... ：但是，和平號這些挫折算不了什么……

　　though：但是

　　練習(xí)：

　　1.Paragraph 4 ________

　　2.Paragraph 5 ________

　　3.Paragraph 6 ________

　　4.ParaeraDh 8 ________

 

　　5.Mir enhanced the confidence in the scientists that humans living in space for a long time was ________.

　　6.In Mir, the US astronauts created ________.

　　7.When we think of Mir in terms of its achievements, its setbacks are ________.

　　8.The writer tends to think that Mir was ________.

 

　　答案與題解：

　　1.B　本段談到，美國的經(jīng)濟(jì)支持產(chǎn)生了兩個作用，即不僅使和平號空間站的航行得以繼續(xù)，而且使美國及其他國家的宇航員取得了在宇宙空間長時間航行和多國合作的經(jīng)驗。

　　2.E　本段列舉了和平號空間站取得的許多個第一。firsts這個詞在第一段中出現(xiàn)，本段列舉了許多的事實(shí)以支持第一段的論點(diǎn)。

　　3.C　選項C是正確的。1997年是和平號遇到不少麻煩的一年。

　　4.A　本段對和平號空間站作出了積極的評價，并談到和平號出現(xiàn)的問題與其取得的成就相比是微不足道的。

　　5.F　選F的依據(jù)在第八段：(Mir)will be remembered as a milestone in space exploration and the space station that showed long-term human habitation in space was possible.

　　6.E　本文在第三段和第五段共列出美國借助和平號創(chuàng)造了多項第一，如：(1)From 1995 through 1998，seven astronauts from the United States took turns living on Mir for up to six months each.(第三段)(2)The longest American stay was that of Shannon Lucid, who spent 188 days aboard Mir in 1996.(第五段)

　　7.D　選D的依據(jù)在第八段：Mir’s setbacks are nothing, though, when we compare them with its accomplishments.

　　8.B　通篇文章都對和平號作出了積極的評價，并列出了不少具有重大意義的事實(shí)和數(shù)據(jù)。在第八段里，作者最后作出總結(jié)：Mir was a tremendous success, which will be remembered as a milestone in space exploration ...