GMAT語法精講全面解析02
發布時間：2012-05-29 共9頁
⑥ It
不定式做主語，通常用it作形式主語
that從句做主語，通常用it作形式主語
不定式或that從句做賓語，用it作形式賓語
She made it possible for us to attend the movie.
She made possible our attendance at the movie.
She made our attendance at the movie possible.都對
⑦ 避免代詞指代不清的問題
有時最好的辦法去解決代詞問題的是刪除代詞。在長句子的時候，代詞像 it或者them 不可避免的會產生指代不清的問題。這個時候要么重復先行詞，要么找一個相似的同義詞替代。
1) After roasting the deer, the hunter extinguished the fire and then searched for a tree to hang it from.. 這里的it 在語義上指代 deer但是在語法也可能會造成指代fire的問題
2) After roasting the deer, the hunter extinguished the fire and then searched for a tree to hang
60
the deer from
3) After roasting the deer, the hunter extinguished the fire and then searched for a tree to hang the meat from (meat 指代 deer)
代詞：
12th Edition:101, 113, 124, 132， 1, 7, 23, 47, 91, D42
Verbal Review:71, 72, 74, 85,102, 107，12, 15, 19,29,41,44,49, 53,65,67
2nd Edition:50,68, 70, 80, 98, 105
6. 回家作業
1)Less than 35 years after the release of African honeybees outside Sao Paulo, Brazil, their descendants, popularly known as killer bees, had migrated as far north as southern Texas.
(A) Less than 35 years after the release of African honeybees outside Sao Paulo, Brazil,
(B) In less than 35 years since releasing African honeybees outside Sao Paulo, Brazil,
(C) In less than the 35 years since African honeybees had been released outside Sao Paulo, Brazil,
(D) It took less than 35 years from the release of African honeybees outside Sao Paulo, Brazil, when
(E) It took less than the 35 years after the time that African honeybees were released outside Sao Paulo, Brazil, and then
1) 分詞短語在句首起狀語作用,邏輯主語等于句子主語
2) it不能指代介詞短語, it可以指代主語從句和不定式結構: It is difficult to do this research. It is important that we finish on time. 在這兩個例子中it分別指代to do this research和that從句
3) 現在完成時的時間狀語 for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years…
(A)正確, after + n.結構避免了邏輯主語問題; less than 35 years after …符合習慣用法
(B) since releasing放在句首,邏輯主語等于句子的主語their descendants, 不符合邏輯; since是現在完成時的標志和had migrated矛盾; since的使用不符合習慣用法
(C) since是現在完成時的標志和had migrated矛盾; since的使用不符合習慣用法
(D) it不能指代介詞短語from the release…
(E) it不能指代介詞短語from the release…
2. Japanese researchers are producing a series of robots that can identify human facial expressions, to which they will then respond; their goal is primarily creating a robot that will empathize with us.
(A) expressions, to which they will then respond; their goal is primarily creating
(B) expressions, then responding to them; primarily to create
(C) expressions and then respond to them; the researchers' primary goal is to create
(D) expressions as well as giving a response to them; their primary goal is creation of
(E) expressions and responding to them; primarily, the researchers' goal is creating
1)指代歧異; 一般來說避免指代歧異的方法有三個: (參考白勇語法)
a)重復代詞指代的對象
b)用 such + n.或者指示代詞 this/these/those + n.代替代詞
