GMAT語法精講全面解析03
發布時間：2012-05-29 共9頁
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(B) they are likely to have
(C) the country will probably have
(D) there will probably be
(E) there will be an estimated
(A) it指代對象錯誤，在本選項中it指代population，而原意應該指代India;what is estimated as的表達方式??嗦，而且與probably意思上有重復，被動語態也不能清楚地表達施動對象，要慎用;estimate用作動詞“估計，估算”時后面常跟介詞at，而不是as，estimate sth (at sth)。
(B) they沒有指代對象。
(C)正確，probably簡潔地表達了“可能”的意思。
(D) there be結構無法與未劃線部分句子的and surpass連接。
(E) 原因與D選項相同。
17. It was only after Katharine Graham became publisher of The Washington Post in 1963 that it moved into the first rank of American newspapers, and it was under her command that the paper won high praise for its unrelenting reporting of the Watergate scandal.
(A) It was only after Katharine Graham became publisher of The Washington Post in 1963 that it moved into the first rank of American newspapers, and it was under her command that the paper won high praise
(B) It was only after Katharine Graham's becoming publisher of The Washington Post in 1963 that it moved into the first rank of American newspapers, and under her command it had won high praise
(C) Katharine Graham became publisher of The Washington Post in 1963, and only after that did it move into the first rank of American newspapers, having won high praise under her command
(D) Moving into the first rank of American newspapers only after Katharine Graham became its publisher in 1963, The Washington Post, winning high praise under her command
(E) Moving into the first rank of American newspapers only after Katharine Graham's becoming its publisher in 1963, The Washington Post won high praise under her command
(A)正確，由and連接的兩個并列的強調句，注意此處兩個并列結構中的it不是形式主語，而是強調結構中的it。
(B) Katharine Graham’s becoming的表達方式不及直接用謂語動詞的表達方式更簡潔有效;and連接的兩個句子不平行，前者是強調句，后者不是。
(C) that指代錯誤，因為代詞that只能指代名詞，而在此句中要表達的意思是after became…，需要指代動詞became;句尾的現在分詞結構having won high praise under her command有就近修飾名詞American newspapers的歧義。
(D)句子主語是The Washington Post，由句首的現在分詞狀語結構moving into…修飾，句尾的winning high praise under her command也是現在分詞結構，作定語修飾主語，整個句子缺少謂語。
(E) Katharine Graham’s becoming的表達方式不及直接用謂語動詞的表達方式更簡潔有效。
18. When the temperature of a gas is increased, it is either accompanied by an increase in pressure if the gas is enclosed in a container, or an increase in volume if the gas is able to expand.
(A) When the temperature of a gas is increased, it is either accompanied by an increase in
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pressure if the gas is enclosed in a container, or
(B) When the temperature of a gas is increased, it is accompanied either by an increase in pressure if it is enclosed in a container or
(C) When the temperature of a gas is increased, the increase is either accompanied by an increase in pressure if the gas is enclosed in a container or by
(D) Any increase in the temperature of a gas is either accompanied by an increase in pressure if it is enclosed in a container, or by
(E) Any increase in the temperature of a gas is accompanied either by an increase in pressure if the gas is enclosed in a container or by
(A) either… or…連接的對象不對稱;it錯誤地指代temperature，不符合邏輯。
(B) either… or…連接的對象不對稱;it錯誤地指代temperature，不符合邏輯
(C) either… or…連接的對象不對稱，accompanied應該置于either前面;when… is increased, the increase兩次increase的重復使句子變得??嗦，沒有必要用when引導狀語從句。
(D) either… or…連接的對象不對稱，accompanied應該置于either前面;it錯誤地指代increase，應該指代gas。
(E)正確，either… or…連接并列的介詞短語。
19. Surveys have shown that in up to 40 percent of elderly people living independently in affluent countries, the consumption of one or more essential nutrients is insufficient or they have deficient levels of these nutrients in their blood.
(A) in up to 40 percent of elderly people living independently in affluent countries, the consumption of one or more essential nutrients is insufficient or they have
(B) in up to 40 percent of elderly people who live independently in affluent countries, they consume one or more essential nutrients insufficiently or have
(C) in up to 40 percent of elderly people who live independently in affluent countries, one or more essential nutrients are consumed insufficiently or having
(D) up to 40 percent of elderly people living independently in affluent countries who consume insufficient amounts of one or more essential nutrients or who have
(E) up to 40 percent of elderly people who live independently in affluent countries consume insufficient amounts of one or more essential nutrients or have
(A) they的指代對象錯誤;or連接的并列結構不平行。
(B) they的指代對象不清楚;副詞insufficiently修飾動詞consume，與原句形容詞insufficient修飾對象不同，改變了原句要表達的意思。
(C)被動語態的表達方式不清楚，沒有說明施動對象;or having沒有平行對象，因為前面是are consumed。
(D) who引導的并列定語從句錯誤地修飾緊臨的名詞countries。
(E) 正確，賓語從句謂語結構是elderly people consume or have，who引導定語從句修飾主語
20. The computer company registered a $16 million net loss for the year, largely because it was profitable only overseas, where much of their profits were used for paying higher taxes, while continuing to lose money in North America.
(A) where much of their profits were used for paying higher taxes, while continuing
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(B) where much of their profits went to pay higher taxes, as they continued
(C) where much of its profit went to pay higher taxes, while it continued
(D) with much of their profits going to pay higher taxes, while continuing
(E) with much of the profit used for paying higher taxes, as it continued
(A) their指代單數名詞company錯誤;表示狀態的動詞continue不能用現在進行時態;be used for paying名詞形式不如動詞形式更簡潔有效。
(B) their和they指代單數名詞company錯誤;as作連詞表示“當…時，隨著”，改變了原句要表達“然而”的轉折對比含義。
(C)正確，關系副詞where引導定語從句修飾名詞overseas，went to pay…清楚地表達了profit的用途，while it continued表達了轉折對比關系。
(D) with… +現在分詞結構不能清楚地表達與overseas的關系;表示狀態的動詞continue不能用現在進行時態。
(E) with…+過去分詞結構不能清楚地表達與overseas的關系;as作連詞表示“當…時，隨著”，改變了原句要表達“然而”的轉折對比含義;be used for paying名詞形式不如動詞形式更簡潔有效.
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修飾
1.修飾種類
1) 形容詞與副詞
2) 名詞修飾語
3) 名詞修飾語的位置
4) 所有格
5) 含關系代詞的名詞修飾語
6) 必要與非必要的名詞修飾語
7) 動詞修飾語
8) WHICH 與現在分詞- ING
2. 修飾定義
修飾語描述在句子中的某人或某物。雖然修飾語可以簡單到只有一個單詞(形容詞或副詞)，但 GMAT 考試的句子 往往包含一些復雜的修飾語。
Example: Tired out from playing computer games Cain decided to take a nap.
修飾語 Tired out from playing computer games 修飾名詞Cain. 留心觀察出現在句首的修飾語你會發現在上面 的例子中 tired out from playing computer games 作為前置修飾語被句中的逗號隔開了。
提示：修飾語通常被句子中的逗號隔開
修飾一： 形容詞和副詞
形容詞和副詞是一個詞的修飾語。形容詞只修修飾一個名詞或代詞，而副詞修飾幾乎所有除名詞或代詞外。副詞常常修飾動詞，但它也可以形容一個形容詞，其他副詞，介詞，短語，甚至是整個子句。
Example： The SMART car runs slowly.
例句中的形容詞 SMART 用來修飾名詞 car，而副詞 slowly 則用來修飾動詞 runs。很多副詞是由形容詞加-ly 組成的。反之亦然。 注意形容詞(非副詞)用在連接動詞之后，如 feel。 這些形容詞不是用來修飾副詞而是用來確定 一個名詞主語的性質的。下面所有的例句都是語法上正確的，盡管它們在句意上是不同的。
Examples:
Cain is a good person. (Good is an adjective that modifies the noun person.)
Cain is feeling good. (Good is an adjective that modifies the noun Cain.)
Cain is feeling well. (Well is an adjective that modifies the noun Cain)
Cain writes well (well is an adverb that modifies the verb writes.)
通常情況下,GMAT 考試提供兩個語法正確的表達.例如,一個表達可能是[形容詞+形容詞+名詞],其中的兩個形容詞都 修飾該名詞.其他表達會是[副詞+形容詞+名詞],副詞修飾形容詞,而
