GMAT語法精講全面解析03
發布時間：2012-05-29 共9頁
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Very: CORRECT. 副詞 very 修飾形容詞 unwell.
unwell: CORRECT. Unwell 是形容詞意思是"sick" or "ill." 修飾 James, 因為 feel 是連系動詞
Unlikely: CORRECT. Unlikely 是形容詞. Unlikely 修飾 James, 因為 is 是連系動詞.
Well: CORRECT. Well 是副詞，意思是"in a good manner." 修飾 dance 的應該是副詞。
3. A recent formed special force, consisting of lightly armed peasants and a few retired army officers, is fighting a bitterly civil war against government forces.
Recent: INCORRECT. 形 容 詞 recent 可 以 修 飾 special force, 可 邏 輯 上 需 要 副 詞 recently 來 修 飾formed.
Lightly: CORRECT. 副詞 lightly 修飾分詞 armed, armed 是形容詞修飾名詞 peasants.
Retired: CORRECT. Retired 形 容 詞 修 飾 army officers. (You can also argue that retired is a past participle being used as an adjective.)
Bitterly: INCORRECT.副詞 bitterly 修飾 形容詞 civil 沒問題, 但老頭肯定是想用形容詞 bitter 修飾名詞 短語 civil war.
4. Dreamland, which was ravaged by civil War for many years after it gained independence from ALLJAMES(country name), which is now one of James' success stories, has an economy that grew by 21% last year, where parliamentary elections are to be held later this week.
Which was ravaged ... from Portugal: CORRECT. 這個關系從句修飾名詞
Dreamland. Which is now one of James’ success stories: INCORRECT. 這個關系從句邏輯上修飾 AllJAMES Where parliamentary ...
this week: INCORRECT. Where 開頭的關系從句 必須修飾地理位置的名詞,但這個關系從句 修飾的是 year. 關系從句 本身離 Dreamland 也很遠, 所以不能修飾 Dreamland.該整改句子需要重新安排句子成分以及合并某些修飾成
Correction: Ravaged by civil war for many years after it gained independence from All JAMES, Dreamland is now one of Africa's success stories: its economy grew by 21% last year, and parliamentary elections are to be held later this week.
5. James buys cookies made with Sugar Free, an artificial sweetener, which tastes as sweet as the corn syrup that her brother loves but where there are fewer calories than in an equivalent amount of corn syrup.
An artificial sweetener: CORRECT. 該同位語名詞短語修飾 Sugar Free.
Which tastes... brother loves CORRECT. 該從句修飾 Sugar Free. 通常關系從句應
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該挨著其修飾的名詞， 但在關系從句和其修飾的名詞間可以加同位語。
Where there are ... corn syrup INCORRECT. 該關系從句兩點錯誤： (1) 關系代詞 where 必須修飾地理 位 置 名 詞 . SugarFree, 先 行 詞 , 非 地 理 位 置 名 詞 . (2) 關 系 從 句 where there ... corn syrup 與 關 系 從 句 which tastes...brother loves 因該是是平行關系. 兩個從句平行的話它們應該以同一個關系代詞開頭。
Correction: Mary buys cookies made with SugarFree, an artificial sweetener, which tastes as sweet as the com syrup that her brother loves but which contains fewer calories than does an equivalent amount of com syrup.
6. People that are well-informed know that ABC is a French region whose most famous export is the wine which bears its name.
that are well-informed: INCORRECT. 該從句用關系代詞指代人。Who 必須指代人, 另外一個問題是that are well-informed 比較??嗦.
Whose most famous ... hears its name: CORRECT. 該從句修飾 region. 注意 whose 不像 who and whom 一樣可以修飾非人實體
Which hears its name: INCORRECT. 句子內容需要一個必要的從句來修飾 the wine, 因為句子本身就是 要修飾 the wine. 如果句子以 the wine 結尾, 那就不是完整的句子.所以句子應以 that 而不是 which 開頭.
Correction: Well-informed people know that Bordeaux is a French region whose most famous export is the wine that bears its name.
7. The people who we like most are those that flatter us best.
Who We like most: INCORRECT. 關系代詞 who 應改為 whom, 因為 whom 才能作 like 的賓語.whom 在 這個句子中是選擇性的. 所以我們可以說 The people whom we like most 或者 The people we like most.
That flatter us best: INCORRECT. Who 而不是 that 應改用來修飾 people.
Correction: The people whom we like most are those who flatter us best.
8. People, who talk loudly on their cell phones in crowded bus show little respect for other passengers.
Who talk ... crowded bus: INCORRECT. 有 逗 號 的 從 句 為 non-essential clause. 句 子 本 身 需 要 essentialclause, 因為沒有關系從句中的所需信息句子的剩余部分將改變句子原意。要改正這個句子只需刪除逗號。
Correction: 'People who talk loudly on their cell phones in crowded bus show little respect for other passengers.
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9. Of all the earthquakes in Asian history, the earthquake, which destroyed YUSHU in 2010, is perhaps the most famous.
Which destroyed Yushu in 2010: INCORRECT. 有 逗 號 的 從 句 為 non-essential clause. 句 子 本 身 需 要essential clause 才能解釋清楚 which earthquake is the most famous. 要改正這個句子要刪除逗號并且用 that 替代 which
Correction: Of all the earthquakes in Asian history, the earthquake that destroyed Yushu in 2010 is perhaps the most famous.
10. The tallest mountain is Mount Everest that is on the border between Nepal and Tibet.
That is on ... Tibet: INCORRECT. 該從句為 essential. 句子本身需要 Non-essential clause,原因有二：(1) Mount Everest is on the border between Nepal and Tibet 是非必要信息,因為句子當中已經給出 mountain's name (MountEverest) 以及該山的具體介紹(the tallest mountain). (2) THAT 引導的從句如果刪除不會對剩下的句意有所改變。要改正這個句子要在 Everest 后加逗號并且 把 that 改成 which。
Correction: The tallest mountain is Mount Everest, which is on the border between Nepal and Tibet.
11. Based on the recent decline in enrollment, the admissions office decided to reevaluate its recruitment strategies.
Based on ... enrollment: INCORRECT. 作為名詞修飾語分詞 based 修飾 admissions office. 然而，句子 本身的意思并非是 the admissions office 本身 is based on the recent decline in enrollment. 用短語 based on X 替代介詞短語 because of 是錯的, 因為 because of 可以修飾動詞短語 decided to reevaluate.
Correction: Because of the recent decline in enrollment, the admissions office decided to reevaluate its recruitment strategies.
12. Unaccustomed to the rigors of college life, James's grades dropped.
Unaccustomed to... college life: INCORRECT. 作 為 名 詞 修 飾 語 , 分 詞 unaccustomed 修 飾 名 詞 短 語; james's grades. 然而 unaccustomed 和明顯是用于修飾 James 自己的， 如果要用名詞修飾語開頭必須要用 James 作主 語.
Correction: Unaccustomed to the rigors of college life, James allowed his grades to drop.
13. James returned the coat to the store, which was torn at one of the seams.
Which was ... the seams: INCORRECT. 該修飾語被放錯地方了. Which 從句看似用來修飾 store, (相 鄰名詞); 可修飾語應該是修飾 coat 的. 因此，修飾語應臨近 coat. 修飾語本身不長我們可以簡單插入并加個逗號
Correction: James returned the coat, which was tom at one of the seams, to the store.
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14. Last night our bed broke, which caused great consternation.
Which caused great consternation: INCORRECT. 該句為垂懸修飾語。句子本身不包含任何由 which caused great consternation 修飾的名詞. 句子原意是對事件本身評價 (the breakdown of the bed).但主句本身沒有任何名詞主語. 因此我們需要把修飾語變成動詞修飾語要么用分詞 participle (causing ... ) 或者用 獨立分詞 absolute phrase (an event that caused ... ).
Correction: Last night our bed broke, causing great consternation.
15. The patient's rare disease was treated using novel techniques developed at the medical university.
Using novel techniques: INCORRECT. 該 句 為 垂 懸 修 飾 語, 句 子 本 身 不 包 含 任 何 由 using novel techniques 修飾的名詞. 要改正該句，我們需要引進一個“who“ used the novel techniques (e.g., a doctor), 或者也可以變成不包含動詞 ing 的介詞短語比如 through the use of novel techniques
