GMAT語法精講全面解析03
發布時間：2012-05-29 共9頁
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并列
1. 并列的幾種形式
1) 形式并列
2) 概念對等
3) 功能相同
2. 并列中可能出現的連接詞：
And/or/but yet/both and/ not only, but also/ either or/not but rather/ the same to X as to Y
3. 并列的幾種形式細分
一. 形式并列
1) 語法上對稱 both…and…; either…or…; and; but; not only but also; for example
2) 定語從句并列必須使用相同的代詞 : The only way for growers to salvage frozen citrus is to have it quickly processed into juice concentrate before warmer weather returns and rots the fruit.
3) 賓語從句的并列： Overestimate that and underestimate that
4) 過去分詞可以于現在分詞并列： Scientists have recently discovered what could be the largest and oldest living organism on Earth, a giant fungus that is an interwoven filigree of mushrooms and root like tentacles spawned by a single fertilized spore some 10,000 years ago and extending for more than 30 acres in the soil of a Michigan forest.
二.概念對等
1)抽象名詞不能對具體名詞 slowing growth or damaging forest
2)整體名詞不能對個體概念 no money or staff members
3)泛指和特指概念不對等 George Washington Carver dedicated his life to strengthening the economy in the South with soil improvement and the diversification of crops
4) 動名詞和名詞并列 creation… and harvesting…..
三. 功能對等
1)功能相等的句子并列 即定語從句只能和定語從句并列 賓語從句和賓語從句并列
Evolutionary psychology holds that the human mind is not a "blank slate" but instead comprises specialized mental mechanisms that were developed to solve specific problems human ancestors faced millions of years ago.
2) 連接詞所連接的對象不要引起爭議如有爭議則通過補出介詞來解決
Suspect the police of having taped their conversation and of using
四.語義上的平行是最重要的。特別注意他們的動詞和這些動詞的形式
Sal applied himself in his new job, arriving early every day, skipping lunch regularly, and leaving
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late every night.
五. 語法上對稱
1.名詞之間的并列
The list of animals that exhibit a preference for using either the right hand or the left hand has been expanded to include the lower vertebrates
The right hand 和 the left hand 保持并列
2.動名詞之間
Researchers have found a correlation between exercising and earning good grades.
Exercising 和 Earning保持并列
3.不定式表示并列
There are several ways to build solid walls using just mud or clay, but the most extensively used methods has been to form the mud or clay into bricks, and, after some preliminary air drying or sun drying to lay them in the wall in mud mortar.
4.從句上的并列
The commission’s office of compliance, inspections, and investigations plans to intensify its scrutiny of stock analysts to investigate not only whether research is an independent function at brokerage firms, but also whether conflicts result when analysts own the stocks they write about or when they are paid for their work by a firm’s investment banking division.
A good night’s sleep not only gives your body a chance to rest, but also energizes you for the following day.
5.介詞組的并列
The experiences we have in childhood influence our behavior in adulthood.
6.形容詞和形容詞之間的并列
She is clever and beautiful; the park was neither accessible nor affordable.
7.動詞之間的并列
The custodian cleaned the basement and washed the windows.
And 一般至于最后，你也可以吧逗號放在 AND 前面。
X, and Y I really like candy apples, and I eat them often
And 在語義上并列
W She argues that the agency acts with disregard for human life and property and reckless abandon and it should therefore be shut down.
R She argues that the agency acts with reckless abandon and with disregard for human life and property, and that it should therefore be shut down
5.課堂練習
下列的每一句話是含有一個平行上的錯誤。1)請指出平行的標志詞 2)并改正平行關系
1.Although we were sitting in the bleachers, the baseball game was as exciting to us as the people sitting behind home plate
這里的并列詞 as…as 改變成 as to the people
2. Many teachers choose to seek employment in the suburbs rather than facing low salaries in the city.
