GMAT語法精講全面解析01
發布時間：2012-05-29 共9頁
4.作業
4.1 按要求回答下列幾個問題
A. 主句中的基本主謂賓結構是什么?
B. 出現了那些修飾成分?屬于什么成分?
C. 修飾成分中，如果是從句的，從句中的動作與動作發起者是誰?
D. 如何通過還原的方式進行結構的確定?
1.Although a surge in retail sales have raised hopes that a recovery is finally underway, many economists say that without a large amount of spending the recovery might not last.
主句中主謂賓 economist say that
賓語從句：that without a large amount of spending the recovery might not last.
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其中主語是 the recovery 動作是 last without a large amount of spending 是條件狀語
在 although 引導的讓步狀語從句中 主謂賓： a surge have raised hopes 介詞短語 in retail sales 修飾 a surge
Hopes that a recovery is finally underway 同位語從句，高亮部分與 hopes 同位。
2.Diabetes, together with its serious complications, ranks as the nation's third leading cause of death, surpassed only by heart disease and cancer.
主句中主謂 diabetes ranks
雖然, together with its serious complications,明顯是一個插入結構，但是一定不能“跳讀”，而應該用掃讀的方 式。因為插入成分當中的某些細節信息能夠驗證和解釋主句中的相應成分。這道例題就是一個再好不過的 例子。當我們做語法題的時候，第一個步驟一般都是判斷動作發起者的單復數。對于不知道 diabetes 是糖尿 病(單數)的同學，如何判斷它的單復數成了難題。但是如果仔細看過插入成分就不難發現，其中用了 its 來表示從屬于動作發起者的 complications, 那么我們就能在不認識 diabetes 的情況下判斷出它是一個單數 名詞。
定語從句 surpassed only by heart disease and cancer.通過還原，the leading cause of death is surpassed only by heart disease and cancer. Surpassed 的動作發起者是 the leading cause of death 指的是 diabetes
3. When Congress reconvenes, some newly elected members from rural states will try to establish tighter restrictions on the amount of grain farmers will be allowed to grow and to encourage more aggressive sales of United States farm products overseas.
主句中主謂 members will try
To establish 與 to engcourage 是并列成分 可通過還原
farmers will be allowed to grow 看似出現了語法錯誤，缺少了先行詞，但實際上它符合了 that 在賓語從句中 可以省略的條件，用于修飾 the amount.
4. The decision by one of the nation's largest banks to admit to $3 billion in potential losses on foreign loans could mean less lending by commercial banks to developing countries and increased pressure on multigovernment lenders to supply the funds.
主句中主謂 the decision could mean less lending and increased pressure 兩個并列的賓語
by one of the nation's largest banks to admit to $3 billion in potential losses on foreign loans 修飾 decision by commercial banks to developing countries 修飾 lending
on multigovernment lenders to supply the funds 修飾 pressure
5. Salt deposits and moisture threaten to destroy the Mohenjo-Daro excavation in Pakistan, the site of an ancient civilization that flourished at the same time as the civilizations in the Nile delta and the river valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates.
主句主謂 Salt deposits and moisture threaten to destroy the Mohenjo-Daro excavation in Pakistan 賓補
定語從句 the site of an ancient civilization that flourished at the same time as the civilizations in the Nile delta and the river valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates.
其中 the site 為 Mohenjo-Daro excavation 的同位語
定語從句 that flourished at the same time as the civilizations in the Nile delta and the river
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valleys of the Tigris and
Euphrates 修飾的是 civilization
其中 that 作為主語，因此不可省略
6. Doctors generally agree that such factors as cigarette smoking, eating rich foods high in fats, and alcohol consumption not only do damage by themselves but also aggravate genetic predispositions toward certain diseases.
主句主謂 doctors agree A(賓語從句)
賓語從句 that such factors as cigarette smoking, eating rich foods high in fats, and alcohol consumption not only do damage by themselves but also aggravate genetic predispositions toward certain diseases.
7. His studies of ice-polished rocks in his Alpine homeland, far outside the range of present-day glaciers, led Louis Agassiz in 1837 to propose the concept of an age in which great ice sheets existed in what are now temperate areas.
主句主謂 his studies led Louis Agassiz
of ice-polished rocks in his Alpine homeland 修飾 studies
far outside the range of present-day glaciers 插入狀語，可忽略
to propose the concept 賓語補足語，補充說明 louis Agassiz 干了什么
of an age 修飾 concept
in which great ice sheets existed in what are now temperate areas 定語從句修飾 an age
4.2按要求回答問題
A. 寫出句子主干及從句中的主干
B. 分別列出主干句中各主要成分的修飾成分
例: The GDP assumes that the economic significance of goods and services lies solely in their price, and that these goods and services add to the national well-being, not because of any intrinsic value they may possess, but simply because they were produced and bought.(p22, OG verbal)
⑴ the GDP assumes thatA and thatB
A:The significance lies in price
B: goods and services add to well-being
⑵ not because of any intrinsic value they may possess, but simply because they were produced and bought共同修飾B 為原因狀語從句.不難看出，主句是GDP assumes XXX, 主語GDP、謂語assumes而賓語則是that引導的從句。當我們看到“，and”的時候要格外注意，and前后兩個平行成分到底是什么。看見其后的”that”才明白，原來assume 的賓語是由and連接的兩個由that引導的賓語從句集合。接下來再分析從句當中的具體內容，整個句子的 邏輯關系就能得到清晰的理解了。關于not because of any intrinsic value they may possess, but simply because they were produced and bought.這個原因狀語從句，要格外注意。因為其出現在從句中，故修 飾的是add這個動作。
1. It can be inferred that the author of the passage would agree with which of the following about the
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“economic significance” of those goods and services that are included in the GDP(p23,Q3)
⑴ThatA can be inferred
ThatA: the author would agree with whichB短語
⑵the author：of the passage
Which: of the following; about the “economic significance” of those goods and services
“economic significance”: of those goods and services
2. Symbiotic cells of algae known as zooxanthellae carry out photosynthesis using the metabolic wastes of the corals, thereby producing food for themselves, for their coral hosts, and even for other members of the reef community.
⑴cells carry out photosynthesis
⑵algae: known as zooxanthellae; using the metabolic wastes of the corals, thereby producing food for themselves…
3. As the cost of wireless service has steadily dropped over the last year and as mobile phones have become increasingly common, many people are finding that they can avoid toll charges on their home phones by using their mobile phones to make long-distance calls at night or on weekends, when many wireless companies provide unlimited airtime for a small monthly fee.
⑴many people are finding that A
thatA: they can avoid toll charges
⑵are finding: as the cost of wireless service has steadily dropped over the last year and as mobile phones have become increasingly common
avoid: by using their mobile phones to make long-distance calls at night or on weekends, when many wireless companies provide unlimited airtime for a small monthly fee.
4. The rise in the commerce department’s index of leading economic indicators suggests that the economy will continue to expand in the coming months, but the mixed performance of the index’s individual components indicates that economic growth will proceed at a more moderate pace than in the first quarter of this year.
⑴ the rise suggests thatA but the performance indicates thatB
thatA: the economy will continue to expand thatB: growth will proceed
⑵ the rise: in the commerce department’s index
Index: of leading economic indicators
Expand: in the comingmonths
Performance: mixed, of the index’s individual components
Proceed: at a more moderate pace than in the first quarter of this year
5. Almost a decade after New York State passed laws to protect patients by reducing the grueling hours worked by medical residents, an investigation of twelve hospitals by state medical officials has found that all twelve consistently break the laws, that many residents work longer than 24 hours straight, and that more than half the surgical residents work more than 95 hours a week.
⑴investigation has found thatA, thatB and thatC
thatA: twelve break the laws thatB: residents work
