GMAT語法精講全面解析01
發布時間：2012-05-29 共9頁
A.正確， differences in sth; help的動作發起者是differences所以要用復數
B. Help in doing用法錯誤
C. Helps應該改成help 因為他的主語是復數的differences
D. Helps應該改成help 因為他的主語是復數的differences
被動表示不簡潔;不如A好
2. On Earth, among the surest indications of sunspot cycles are believed to be the rate that trees grow, as seen in the rings visible in the cross sections of their trunks.
(A) On Earth, among the surest indications of sunspot cycles are believed to be the rate that
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treesgrow
(B) On Earth, among the surest indications of sunspot cycles are, it is believed, the rate of tree growth
(C) On Earth, the rate at which trees grow is believed to be among the surest indications of sunspot cycles
(D) Among the surest indications on Earth of sunspot cycles, believed to be the tree growth rate
(E) Among the surest indications on Earth of sunspot cycles is believed to be the rate at which trees grow
此句話地點狀語放句首，根據情況是倒裝語序，那么應該找到主語，賓語和謂語的關系;根據尋找實義語義的原則，確定本句話的邏輯語義;earth, indications, cycle,rate, growth是本句話的名詞，那么就要分析句式確定誰是主語，誰是賓語，誰修飾誰。謂語只有一個is或者are可以確定是be動詞。
那么我就來分析此句話earth前面有了一個on, 加了這個on之后就變成狀語了，從實際的主語變成了用on引導的狀語了，也就是從實義變成了虛義了。所以earth可以確定不是主語。
Cycles和tree growth是用一個of來連接，那么就變成了定語;修飾前面的indications和rate了，句子也就從實義變成了虛義。很顯然他們也不是主語或者賓語。
那么第三步我們分析indications和rate, 很快我們發覺indications前面加了among,那么他也不可能是主語，那么我們就知道the rate是主語。Indications是實義賓語;as seen in the rings visible in...引導的同位語，就是修飾主語rate。為了不造成歧義，那么同位語就應該緊跟修飾的主語。 然后我們根據決定這句話的主語和謂語確定他的邏輯語義，還原這句話就變成了：the rate at which tree grow , as seen in the rings visible in the cross sections of their trunks, is believed to be the surest indications of sunspots on earth.
A) among倒裝，主語應該是the rate，所以應該用單數is。
(B) among倒裝，主語應該是the rate，所以應該用單數is;tree應該用復數，使未劃線部分的their有一致的指代對象。
(C) on earth 放置句首修飾整個句子，不符合邏輯;their 的指代存在歧義，離它最近的是 sunspot cycles，未劃線部分的 as seen 應該要緊跟其修飾的名詞。
(D) tree應該用復數，使未劃線部分的their有一致的指代對象;謂語結構不完整，應該用is believed被動語態。
(E) 正確，on Earth修飾indications，主語是the rate，謂語動詞用單數is。
3. Although the vast constellation of small islands that dot the South Pacific has a population of only a few million people, it is home to about a sixth of the world's 6,000 or so languages.
(A) Pacific has a population of only a few million people, it is
(B) Pacific has a population of only a few million people, they are
(C) Pacific is populated by a only a few million people, and it is
(D) Pacific, having a population of only a few million people, is nonetheless
(E) Pacific, populated by only a few million people, yet they are
從句主語為單數constellation，主句主語與從句主語保持一致，所以應該使用it指代，謂語be動詞 也相應的應該使用is
① 正確
② Although引導的從句主語為單數the constellation，主語的主謂應是it is;不是they are
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③ 連詞 and多余 although并列，直接加and 沒有主句
④ 句子有although引起的從句，沒有主句
⑤ Although引起的從句沒有謂語動詞;連詞yet多余，使句子缺少主句
4. Meteor showers and individual streaks of light that flash across the sky every night are generated when tiny flecks of celestial detritus, often no larger than grains of sand or of pebbles, burn up speeding through the atmosphere.
(A) grains of sand or of pebbles, burn up speeding
(B) grains of sand or pebbles, burn up while speeding
(C) grains of sand or pebbles, which burn up while speeding
(D) a grain of sand or pebble, which burns up as it speeds
(E) a grain of sand or a pebble, burns up when it speeds
1) often no larger than…修飾復數的tiny flecks of celestial detritus，因此，使用復數形式的grains of sand or pebbles比單數的a grain of sand or pebble更為合適，同時，謂語動詞相應的也要求是復數的burn up，而不是單數的burns up
2) when引導的狀語從句中，tiny flecks of celestial detritus作主語，burn up作謂語，often no larger than…為插入語，不影響句子的基本語法結構
3) grains of sugar/sand/salt等為固定的搭配，類似sugar/sand/salt等細小、沙狀的東西才能用 a grain of修飾。Pebbles鵝卵石是大顆的石頭，不能用a grain of形容。因此，grains of sand or pebbles這一詞組中，pebbles是和grains of平行，而不能與sand平行，作grains of的賓語
A. grains of pebbles是錯誤的搭配;burn up speeding through…句法錯誤
B. 正確
C. When引起的狀語句子結構不完整，沒有謂語
D. When引起的狀語句子結構不完整，沒有謂語;often no larger than…修飾復數的tiny flecks of celestial detritus，因此，使用復數形式的grains of sand or pebbles比單數的a grain of sand or pebble更為合適
E. often no larger than…修飾復數的tiny flecks of celestial detritus，因此，使用復數形式的grains of sand or pebbles比單數的a grain of sand or pebble更為合適;主語tiny flecks of celestial detritus 要求使用復數謂語burn up
