GMAT語法精講全面解析01
發布時間：2012-05-29 共9頁
New Jersey has one of the five highest numbers of reported cases of Lyme disease in the United States.
Upset by the recent downturn in production numbers during the first half of the year, the board
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of directors, at its quarterly meeting, raised the possibility of adding worker incentives.
這些情況下，如果明確知道有多個數字，就用numbers。再例如Don't judge a team by its numbers.不能僅僅從數字(指標)上判斷一個隊(的好壞)。如NBA隊伍中每個球員都有rebound, assist, turnover, score等指標，球隊有勝率，排名等指標。這些指標就是由多個數字表達的，所以即使team是單數，但是its + numbers是最合理的。上面的句子也可以改寫為：Don’t judge a team by those numbers listed on its website.
7.2 numbers作為核心詞，但可以被具體化的幾個數傾向不明顯
The gyrfalcon, an Arctic bird of prey, has survived a close brush with (A) extinction; its numbers are now five-times greater than when the use of DDT was sharply restricted in the early 1970’s.
因為動詞是復數，所以可推知numbers是number的復數形式，而不是什么固定用法。
In Scotland, the (E) wild salmon's numbers have been reduced by uncontrolled deep-sea and coastal netting, by pollution, and by various other threats to the fish’s habitat.
另外，一些討論中說：numbers是復數做“人數，鳥群”講。Longman字典：Visitor numbers increase in the summer. 游客人數在夏季增加。現代英漢詞典：Birds gather in large numbers beside the river.鳥兒一群群地聚在河邊。但是顯然后面一個例子中in large numbers是做副詞用。
這一類用法是最難的，還沒有找到最有說服力的解釋。但是作題的時候，我們可以借用其他方面的線索，排除錯誤項。
7.3 in number(s) 慣用法: 如downturn/decline in number(s)，表示在數量指標方面
In number adv., prep., n.總共，在數目上
They were printed in limited numbers
Young people have been leaving the countryside in large numbers for urban areas. [leave … for …+
The condors have dwindled to an estimated sixty in number.
The golden crab of the Gulf of Mexico has not been fished commercially in great numbers, primarily because it lives at great depths ?C 2,500 to 3,000 feet down.
Once common throughout the Western plains, black-footed ferrets are thought to have declined in numbers as a result of the poisoning of prairie dogs, their prey. 這題主要是考察邏輯關系：black-footed ferrets (is) common throughout …, 只有A正確。
7.4 the number (s) of + 名詞單數或者復數 + 動詞單數或者復數，表示標號，數字標志
這時number是核心詞，number、物品、謂語動詞三者的單/復數形式要一致
The numbers of the machine parts A and B are respectively 201 and 203.
機器零件A和B的標號分別是201和203。
派生出The number of machine part A is 201.
這時number與numbers互為單復數的關系。注意，這里。
The numbers of the machine parts are not available. 這些機器零件的號碼找不到了。
(not) one of the+名詞復數+單數形式謂語;Not one of =none of。
amount修飾不可數名詞，不能用來修飾4,000(drive-ins)這個可數的量。
8. 主謂一致注意事項：
原則： 句子中必須含有一套完整的主位結構;一個動詞必須在數量上和主語一致。
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排除： 主要的主語和主要的謂語發生不一致的情況;
主要的主語和主要的謂語在形容詞性從句和其他非獨立句上不一致;
原則： 一句話的主語絕對不會嵌在一個介詞詞組內;
若主語是復數;GMAT的通常做法是拿一個單數名詞放在動詞旁邊;混淆你的視線
若主語是單數;GMAT的通常做法是拿一個復數名詞放在動詞旁邊;混淆你的視線
Eg: The start of the races that will be run by the best athletes are at 6 pm. 錯誤
The start of the races that will be run by the best athletes are at 6 pm. 正確
原則： 請注意下列特殊的名詞，單復數使用的情況;
① 集合名詞： 需要用單數
② 代詞 ： 分成3類
1)單數： each, every, anyone, everyone, nobody;
2) 復數： Both, few
3) 不定： all, Some, most, majority根據作用者的情況來確定單復數
③ 復合名詞： 用and連接的全部用復數;
④ 名詞從句： 以what開頭的句子一般通常是單數;
⑤ 動名詞 ： 名詞以ing結尾的一般用單數;
暗示： 如果你碰到一下情況請檢查主謂是否一致;
① 選項的區別在于使用的單復數不同;
② 句子滿是形容詞性從句和介詞詞組的;
③ 我們剛才討論的不尋常的名詞作為句子主語
9.作業
1. In human hearing, subtle differences in how the two ears hear a given sound help the listener determine the qualities of that sound.
(A) in how the two ears hear a given sound help the listener determine
(B) in the two ears hearing a given sound help the listener in determining
(C) in how a sound is heard by the two ears helps the listener determine
(D) between how the two ears hear a given sound helps the listener in determining
(E) between how a sound is heard by the two ears help the listener in determining
通過讀句子的邏輯語義，我們確定實語義是 differences in...help the listen determine
得出句子的主語是differences 謂語是help 根據語義我們知道help sb do sth
